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Table 2 Minimum inhibitory and cidal concentrations (μg/ml) of the extract, fractions and compounds from the stem of P pinnata against bacteria and fungi

From: Antimicrobial steroidal saponin and oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins from Paullinia pinnata

Microorganism

    

Test substance

Extractb

PEf

EAf

ARf

4

5

6

7

RD

Bacteria

          

S. aureus

MIC

781

1562

195

390

25

1.562

6.25

3.125

0.781

 

MBC

781

3125

390

1562

100

1.562

6.25

6.25

3.125

P. aeruginosa

MIC

781

781

390

781

100

3.125

50

6.25

0.781

 

MBC

1562

3125

781

1562

/

6.25

100

12.5

1.562

K. pneumonia

MIC

781

781

390

781

25

6.25

12.5

6.25

6.25

 

MBC

781

3125

781

1562

25

6.25

12.5

6.25

6.25

E. coli

MIC

24

781

97

195

25

0.781

3.125

3.125

0.781

 

MBC

390

781

97

195

25

0.781

6.25

6.25

0.781

E. faecalis

MIC

390

3125

781

1562

/

6.25

12.5

25

6.25

 

MBC

3125

6250

1562

1562

/

6.25

12.5

100

6.25

E. aeroginese

MIC

390

390

97

195

25

0.781

6.25

12.5

1.562

 

MBC

781

781

195

390

50

1.562

12.5

25

1.562

P. smartii

MIC

97

390

48.8

390

6.25

0.781

3.125

1.562

0.781

 

MBC

195

1562

195

781

12.5

0. 781

6.25

3.125

0.781

Yeasts

          

C. albicans

MIC

/

1562

781

3125

/

/

3.125

3.125

3.125

 

MFC

/

3125

781

3125

/

/

6.25

6.25

3.125

C. guiliermondii

MIC

12500

1562

195

3125

/

/

3.125

1.5625

6.25

 

MFC

12500

6250

195

6250

/

/

12.5

1.5625

12.5

C. neoformans

MIC

3125

3125

195

3125

/

/

3.125

1.5625

1.562

 

MFC

6250

3125

390

3125

/

/

12.5

6.25

3.125

C. luciteniae

MIC

3125

1562

97.7

781

/

/

3.125

3.125

3.125

 

MFC

6250

1562

195

1562

/

/

3.125

6.25

6.25

C. parapsilosis

MIC

6250

1562

390

1562

/

/

6.25

6.25

3.125

 

MFC

12500

3125

390

1562

/

/

25

12.5

3.125

Dermatophytes

          

T. equinum

MIC

12500

390

390

3125

50

50

25

50

6.25

 

MFC

/

1562

390

3125

100

100

25

50

12.5

M. audouinii

MIC

12500

781

390

3125

25

/

6.25

12.5

6.25

 

MFC

/

1562

781

/

25

/

12.5

25

6.25

T. mentagrophytes

MIC

12500

390

390

781

25

50

25

50

3.125

 

MFC

/

390

781

1562

50

/

25

50

6.25

M. gypseum

MIC

12500

390

195

781

12.5

25

6.25

25

6.25

 

MFC

12500

1562

195

781

50

25

25

25

12.5

E. flocosum

MIC

12500

390

195

781

25

/

12.5

50

3.125

 

MFC

12500

781

390

3125

25

/

25

100

6.25

  1. Extractb: stem extract; PEf: Petroleum ether fraction; EAf: ethylacetate fraction; ARf; aqueous residue fraction; RD: reference drug (Gentamycin, Nystatine and Griseofulvin for bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes respectively); /: not active (at 12500 μg/ml for extract and fractions, and 100 μg/ml for compounds).