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Figure 1 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Figure 1

From: Study protocol for patient response to spinal manipulation – a prospective observational clinical trial on physiological and patient-centered outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain

Figure 1

Illustration of spinal stiffness assessment tests. Skin marks over bony landmarks of the T11-L5 spinous processes and posterior superior iliac spine (A), palpatory stiffness assessment (B), stiffness assessment with a hand-held device (C); and stiffness assessment with an automated device (D).

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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

ISSN: 2662-7671

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