Figure 6

Effects of Equisetum arvense on effector function of primary human lymphocytes. Activated (PHA-L; 10 μg/mL) human PBMC (10⁵) were treated with medium, CsA (10 μg/mL) or increasing concentrations of Equisetum arvense (0.05-0.8 μg/mL) and were cultured for 36 h followed by a restimulation period with PMA (50 ng/mL) and ionomycin (500 ng/mL) for additional 6 h. Next, cells were surface-stained with anti-human CD8 mAbs and intracellular cytokines were detected using PE-conjugated anti-human IFN-γ or anti-human TNF-α mAbs. n.d. = no detection. The asterisks (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001) represent significant differences from activated untreated controls (CTRL =100%).