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Figure 1 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Figure 1

From: Khz-cp (crude polysaccharide extract obtained from the fusion of Ganoderma lucidum and Polyporus umbellatus mycelia) induces apoptosis by increasing intracellular calcium levels and activating P38 and NADPH oxidase-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species in SNU-1 cells

Figure 1

Khz-cp induces apoptosis in transformed cells. (A) (A-a) The shape and type of fused fruiting bodies. (A-b) Hyphae isolated from a Ganoderma lucidum mushroom on a petri dish. (A-c) Shape of G. lucidum. (A-d) Shape and type of fused fruiting bodies and hyphae from Polyporus umbellatus. (A-e) Fusion of G. lucidum and P. umbellatus. (A-f) The fused hyphae of G. lucidum and P. umbellatus. (A-g) Agar-cultured fusion fungi. (A-h) DNA from fused hyphae (Khz). (A-i) Cultivation conditions for Khz. (A-j) Khz crude polysaccharides (Khz-cp). (B) Analysis of apoptosis using propidium iodide (PI) staining. SNU-1 cells were treated with a 1:100 dilution of Khz-cp, and apoptosis was analyzed after 0.5, 1, and 2 h by flow cytometry. The data provided are representative of more than 3 experiments. (C) SNU-1 cells were treated 1 h with a 1:100 dilution of Khz-cp and stained with An and PI for flow cytometric analysis. The data represent the mean ± SD values. (D) BEAS-2B, 1799, 1198, and 1170-I cells were treated with Khz-cp (1:100 dilution, 1 h), and apoptosis was examined by annexin-V-FITC (An) and PI staining followed by flow cytometric analysis. The data are representative of more than 3 experiments.

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