Table 1 Characteristics of recruited subjects

Age (y)

60.48 ± 8.54

61.32 ± 8.61

59.53 ± 8.49

48.09 ± 15.69

52.48 ± 16.03

43.56 ± 14.88

Female (%)

52.09

47.64

56.36

63.30

53.93

73.70

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.46 ± 3.08

27.11 ± 2.58

21.94 ± 2.04

23.47 ± 3.33

26.35 ± 2.83

20.74 ± 2.26

Waist circumference (cm)

86.45 ± 8.39

93.28 ± 6.69

79.76 ± 6.29

84.11 ± 9.88

92.47 ± 7.84

75.91 ± 6.94

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

193.25 ± 35.16

193.03 ± 34.90

193.90 ± 35.07

186.40 ± 35.33

191.32 ± 36.69

180.30 ± 33.14

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

119.96 ± 32.94

120.00 ± 33.35

120.16 ± 33.17

108.29 ± 30.93

113.92 ± 31.43

102.00 ± 28.87

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

45.85 ± 12.16

43.98 ± 10.79

47.98 ± 13.32

47.20 ± 12.32

43.30 ± 10.54

52.36 ± 12.65

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

143.28 ± 97.67

156.72 ± 102.30

133.36 ± 101.29

126.23 ± 82.59

153.45 ± 91.97

95.79 ± 57.79

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

119.97 ± 16.70

123.22 ± 15.85

116.57 ± 16.81

119.78 ± 15.68

125.44 ± 15.16

113.93 ± 15.00

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77.65 ± 10.25

79.48 ± 9.95

75.61 ± 10.17

77.10 ± 11.26

80.55 ± 10.71

73.39 ± 11.09

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)

101.26 ± 25.16

104.74 ± 27.10

97.75 ± 21.98

98.73 ± 28.24

106.26 ± 34.89

93.16 ± 17.89

Dyslipidemia (%)

62.96

69.96

59.65

57.06

70.36

40.60