From: Use of herbal medicinal products among children and adolescents in Germany
Study subjects | Herbal medicinal product users | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N* | %** | n* | %** | 95 %CI | P*** | ||
Total | 17,450 | 100 | 1,055 | 5.8 | 5.3-6.3 | ||
Children's health status | |||||||
Parents-rated health status | |||||||
Excellent | 6,873 | 39.1 | 366 | 5.2 | 4.6-5.9 | .002 | |
Good | 9,250 | 54.1 | 592 | 6.1 | 5.5-6.8 | ||
Fair/bad/very bad | 1,102 | 6.7 | 92 | 7.9 | 6.2-10.0 | ||
CSHCN-Screener**** | |||||||
Yes | 2,205 | 13.7 | 135 | 6.2 | 5.1-7.6 | .629 | |
No | 13,752 | 86.3 | 857 | 5.9 | 5.4-6.5 | ||
Body mass index (BMI) | |||||||
Underweight | 1,121 | 7.0 | 80 | 6.3 | 4.8-8.2 | .136 | |
Normal | 13,567 | 78.4 | 833 | 5.9 | 5.4-6.5 | ||
Overweight | 2,517 | 14.6 | 130 | 4.8 | 3.8-6.0 | ||
Children's health behavior | |||||||
Sports activities | |||||||
(children aged 3–17 years only) | |||||||
Daily | 2,335 | 16.7 | 89 | 3.7 | 3.0-4.7 | .000 | |
3-5 times/week | 3,119 | 23.3 | 142 | 4.6 | 3.9-5.6 | ||
1-2 times/week | 5,811 | 40.2 | 353 | 6.0 | 5.2-6.8 | ||
1-2 times/month | 1,306 | 8.5 | 100 | 7.3 | 5.9-9.2 | ||
Never | 1,691 | 11.3 | 82 | 4.6 | 3.6-5.9 | ||
Vegetable & fruit consumption | |||||||
(children aged 1–17 years only) | |||||||
Low | 3,866 | 26.6 | 185 | 4.8 | 4.0-5.7 | .002 | |
Middle | 7,415 | 47.2 | 455 | 5.9 | 5.2-6.7 | ||
High | 4,176 | 26.2 | 288 | 7.0 | 6.1-8.0 | ||
Parental socio-economic status | |||||||
Immigration background | |||||||
No | 14,790 | 82.8 | 957 | 6.3 | 5.7-6.9 | .000 | |
Yes | 2,580 | 17.2 | 93 | 3.5 | 2.8-4.2 | ||
Maternal education level | |||||||
Primary | 3,849 | 25.4 | 171 | 4.3 | 3.6-5.2 | .000 | |
Middle | 7,836 | 40.3 | 510 | 6.4 | 5.6-7.2 | ||
Higher | 4,838 | 28.5 | 339 | 6.7 | 6.0-7.6 | ||
Others | 927 | 5.7 | 35 | 3.5 | 2.3-5.3 | ||
Paternal educationlevel | |||||||
Primary | 4,832 | 31.7 | 233 | 4.7 | 4.0-5.5 | .000 | |
Middle | 5,933 | 28.1 | 401 | 6.5 | 5.6-7.5 | ||
Higher | 5,100 | 31.3 | 368 | 7.0 | 6.2-7.9 | ||
Others | 1,585 | 9.0 | 53 | 3.4 | 2.5-4.7 | ||
Household income per month | |||||||
<1500 € | 3,558 | 19.0 | 183 | 5.0 | 4.2-6.0 | .021 | |
1500 - <2250 € | 4,469 | 26.6 | 262 | 5.3 | 4.5-6.2 | ||
2250 - <3000 € | 4,354 | 27.2 | 284 | 6.2 | 5.4-7.1 | ||
> = 3000 € | 3,986 | 27.2 | 267 | 6.6 | 5.8-7.5 | ||
Social status | |||||||
Lower | 4,760 | 27.5 | 234 | 4.7 | 4.0-5.5 | .001 | |
Intermediate | 7,901 | 45.4 | 506 | 6.1 | 5.4-6.9 | ||
Upper | 4,366 | 27.0 | 307 | 6.9 | 6.0-7.8 | ||
Parents-related health behavior | |||||||
Exclusive breastfeeding of children | |||||||
Never | 3,646 | 22.6 | 193 | 5.1 | 4.3-6.1 | .010 | |
Combined with formula milk/unclear | 2,493 | 7.8 | 130 | 5.1 | 4.1-6.3 | ||
< 4 months | 3,739 | 20.8 | 229 | 5.6 | 4.8-6.6 | ||
4-5 months | 3,174 | 18.5 | 216 | 6.5 | 5.6-7.5 | ||
≥ 6 months | 3,796 | 23.5 | 270 | 7.0 | 6.1-8.0 | ||
Children exposed to passive smoking at home | |||||||
Daily | 2,612 | 16.6 | 102 | 3.8 | 3.1-4.8 | .000 | |
Sometimes | 2,236 | 13.1 | 121 | 5.1 | 4.1-6.2 | ||
Never | 12,137 | 70.4 | 820 | 6.5 | 5.9-7.2 |