Figure 7
Renal mRNA expression of tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α (A), interleukin (IL)-6 (B), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (C), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 (D), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) (E) and the ratio of uPA to PAI-1 (F) in rats. The fructose control rats had free access to 10% fructose in their drinking water over 5 weeks, while the consumption of fructose in the ginger (20 or 50 mg/kg)-treated (by gavage daily) rats was adjusted to that of the fructose control rats. The water-control rats had free access to tap water. mRNA was determined by Real-Time PCR. Levels in water-control rats were assigned a value of 1. All values are means ± SEM (n = 6 each group). *P < 0.05.