Effects of Ginkgo biloba on chemically-induced mammary tumors in rats receiving tamoxifen

Table 1 General parameters in the experimental groups after 4 weeks of treatment ¹

	Experimental groups³
Parameters²	(G1)TAM	(G2) TAM + GbE50	(G3) TAM + GbE100	(G4) Untreated control
General parameters
Animal number (n)	10/9⁴	10/7	10/7	10/5
Tumor number (n)	11⁵	9	9	7
Initial body weight (g)	267.67 ± 3.25	257.25 ± 4.89	261.80 ± 7.89	283.0 ± 2.83
Final body weight (g)	291.33 ± 4.18	287.17 ± 7.99	287.17 ± 4.40	293.40 ± 3.71
Body weight gain (g)	23.43 ± 5.46	31.17 ± 4.71	28.80 ± 9.75	20.0 ± 7.93
Liver relative weight (g)	5.13 ± 0.57	4.38 ± 0.46	4.15 ± 0.67	4.53 ± 0.24
Left ovarian relative weight (mg)	20.0 ± 6.0	17.0 ± 2.64	13.01 ± 2.64	19.0 ± 3.12
Right ovarian relative weight (mg)	19.0 ± 5.0	13.0 ± 3.01	19.01 ± 5.56	17.0 ± 1.78
Initial tumor volume (cm³)	2.23 ± 0.49	2.64 ± 0.93	1.95 ± 0.46	2.09 ± 0.82
Final tumor volume (cm³)	0.85 ± 0.41*	0.83 ± 0.47*	0.57 ± 0.12*	4.73 ± 1.45
Biochemical dosage
ALT (u/l)	37.17 ± 3.59	47.83 ± 4.24	47.0 ± 5.47	35.75 ± 7.68
E2 (ρg/ml)	57.80 ± 4.42	42.83 ± 3.24	34.0 ± 6.34	38.0 ± 6.65

¹Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; ² ALT, Alanine amino transferase; E2, Estradiol; ³ TAM, Tamoxifen (10 mg/Kg, i.p.); GbE50-100, Ginkgo biloba extract (50 or 100 mg/Kg, i.p.); ⁴ The difference between initial and final number of rats/group was due to the dead or sacrifice of moribund animals (05 animals in untreated group) or development of mammary tumor with less than 5% of positivity for ER-α (01 and 03 animals in TAM alone and TAM + GbE50 respectively) or complete regression of tumors (03 animals in TAM + GbE100). ⁵ Two animals from each group presented two mammary tumors before the beginning of treatments.
*Statistical difference when compared to the untreated group, p < 0.001.

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