Table 2 Summarized acupuncture interventions in the included studies
From: Acupuncture for ankle sprain: systematic review and meta-analysis
Author (year) | Acupuncture method (Fixed/partially individualized/individualized)* | Treatment rationale | Regimen | Acupuncture points** | Response sought | Co-interventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sun (2011)[24] | MA, fixed | Modern acupuncture (hand acupuncture) | 14 sessions (once daily for 14 d) | Ex-UE205 | De-qi*** | Functional exercise |
Zheng (2010)[25] | MA, fixed | Clinical experience | 15 sessions (once daily for 5 d X 3) | LI15 | De-qi | PRICE + EA |
He (2010)[36] | WA, individualized | TCM theory | n.r | Tender points | De-qi | Small needle-knife therapy + drug injection + rehabilitation |
Wei (2010)[37] | WA, individualized | TCM theory | 10 sessions (once daily for 10 d) | Selected points from ST36, KI3, BL60, GB40, GB39, ST41, LR3 etc. | De-qi | Massage |
Ni (2010)[26] | MA, partially individualized | TCM theory | 3 sessions (once daily for 3 d) | Ex-UE140 + additional points (pain sensitive points on the contralateral wrist joint) | De-qi | None |
Tang (2010)[38] | EA, partially individualized | TCM theory | 10 sessions (once daily for 5 d X 2) | Ashi points(GB40, BL60, BL62, KI6) + additional points(ST41, GB39, GB34, ST36) | De-qi | Massage + IR |
Luo (2009)[27] | EA partially individualized | TCM theory | 12 sessions (six times per 2 wks X 2) | ST41, BL60, GB40 + ashi points | De-qi | None |
Zhou (2008)[28] | WA, individualized | TCM theory | 5 sessions (once daily for 5 d) | Tender points | n.r. | None |
He (2006)[29] | MA + WA, fixed | TCM theory clinical experience | 15 sessions (once daily for 5 d X 3) | MA, WA : GB34 EA : GB39, GB40, ST41, BL60, BL62, GB43 | De-qi | PRICE + EA |
Zhao (2005)[30] | EA, fixed | TCM theory | 14 sessions (once per 2 days for 2 wks X 2) | Penetrating needling (GB40 and KI6) | De-qi | None |
Wang (2005)[39] | EA, partially individualized | Modern experimental study | 5 sessions (once daily for 5 d) | ST41, GB40, BL62, BL60, GB39, ashi points | De-qi | None |
Li (2002)[31] | MA, partially individualized | n.r. | 8 sessions (once daily for 8 d) | ST36, GB39, BL60, additional points (pain sensitive points on the contralateral Triple energizer meridian of wrist) | De-qi | Oral & topical HM |
Ge (2000)[32] | MA, individualized | n.r | 10 sessions | n.r | n.r | oral HM |
Yu (1999)[33] | MA, fixed | TCM Theory | 14 sessions (twice daily for 7 d) | ST36, GB39, KI3, BL60 | n.r | Topical NSAIDs |
Yu (1999)[34] | MA, fixed | n.r | 14 sessions (twice daily for 7 d) | ST36, GB39, KI3, BL60 | n.r | Topical NSAIDs + ice pack |
Yu (1996)[35] | MA, fixed | n.r | 7 sessions (once daily for 7 d) | ST36, GB39, KI3, BL60 | n.r | Topical HM + ice pack |
Ruan (1995)[40] | MA, partially individualized | n.r | Once daily | Ex-LE8, Ex-LE9, BL62, GB39, GB40, BL60, KI6, SP6, KI2, ST41, ST36, GB34, SP9, ashi points | n.r | Massage |