Table 1 The 20 most frequently used herbal medicines in pregnancy, overall and according to region
From: Herbal medicine use in pregnancy: results of a multinational study
Overall use | REGION | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Top 20 herbal medicines | Total number of herb used (n) | % ± SE | Western Europe n = 888 % ± SE | Northern Europe n = 335 % ± SE | Eastern Europe n = 1,213 % ± SE | North America n = 142 % ± SE | South America n = 62 % ± SE | Australia n = 95 % ± SE | Total number of women n = 2,735 % ± SE |
Ginger | 643 | 12.8 ± 0.5 | 28.5 ± 1.5 | 39.1 ± 2.7 | 12.2 ± 0.9 | 40.8 ± 4.1 | 4.8 ± 2.7 | 52.6 ± 5.1 | 23.5 ± 0.8 |
Cranberry | 622 | 12.4 ± 0.5 | 10.6 ± 1.0 | 22.4 ± 2.3 | 35.7 ± 1.4 | 6.3 ± 2.0 | * | 10.5 ± 3.1 | 22.7 ± 0.8 |
Valerian | 391 | 7.8 ± 0.5 | 6.9 ± 0.9 | * | 26.4 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | * | - | 14.3 ± 0.7 |
Raspberry | 301 | 6.0 ± 0.4 | 14.8 ± 1.2 | 11.0 ± 1.7 | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 17.6 ± 3.2 | - | 18.9 ± 4.0 | 11.0 ± 0.6 |
Chamomile | 194 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 10.5 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 1.9 | 27.4 ± 5.7 | * | 7.1 ± 0.5 |
Peppermint | 188 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 8.5 ± 2.3 | 12.9 ± 4.3 | 5.3 ± 2.3 | 6.9 ± 0.5 |
Dog rose | 149 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | * | * | 11.8 ± 0.9 | * | * | - | 5.4 ± 0.4 |
Cowberry | 142 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | * | * | 11.5 ± 0.9 | - | - | - | 5.2 ± 0.4 |
Psyllium | 132 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 19.7 ± 3.3 | 12.9 ± 4.3 | 20.0 ± 4.1 | 4.8 ± 0.4 |
Rosemary | 98 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | * | - | 7.7 ± 0.8 | - | - | * | 3.6 ± 0.4 |
Centaury | 94 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | - | - | 7.7 ± 0.8 | - | - | - | 3.4 ± 0.3 |
Lovage | 94 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | - | - | 7.7 ± 0.8 | - | - | - | 3.4 ± 0.3 |
Lemon | 93 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | * | 4.0 ± 0.6 | * | 6.5 ± 3.1 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 3.4 ± 0.3 |
Echinacea | 92 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ±1.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 6.3 ± 2.0 | * | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 3.4 ± 0.3 |
Lemon Balm | 84 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | * | 4.9 ± 0.6 | * | * | - | 3.1 ± 0.3 |
Motherwort | 79 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | - | - | 6.5 ± 0.7 | - | - | - | 2.9 ± 0.3 |
Garlic | 78 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | * | * | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | - | * | 2.9 ± 0.3 |
Fiber crops | 66 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | * | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 9.9 ± 2.5 | * | 8.4 ± 2.8 | 2.4 ± 0.3 |
Uva ursi | 65 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | - | 5.3 ± 0.6 | - | - | - | 2.4 ± 0.3 |
Total | 3,605 | 72.0 ± 0.6 | |||||||
Summary of herbal medicine used | |||||||||
Total no. of herbs used | 1,261 | 379 | 2,904 | 233 | 110 | 136 | 5,023 | ||
No. of multiherb products | 98 | 10 | 368 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 485 | ||
Average no. of herbs used | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | ||
No. of different herbs | 90 | 54 | 83 | 42 | 38 | 24 | 134 | ||