Impact of Tai Chi exercise on multiple fracture-related risk factors in post-menopausal osteopenic women: a pilot pragmatic, randomized trial

Table 2 Changes from baseline to 9 months in primary outcomes, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers.

Variable	Randomized to Usual Care (n = 43)		Randomized to Tai Chi (n = 43)		Per Protocol Tai Chi (n = 26)
	Baseline	9 Months	Baseline	9 Months	Baseline	9 Months
BMD
Femoral Neck (mean ± SD) (g/cm²) % change (median [Q1, Q3])	.692 ± .068	.685 ± .069 -0.85 [-2.58, 0.70]	.680 ± .063	.681 ± .063 -0.39 [-1.48, 1.02] *p = 0.24	.685 ± .074	.688 ± .075 -0.23 [-0.64, 1.02] *p = 0.05
Total Hip (mean ± SD) (g/cm²) % change (median [Q1, Q3])	.837 ± .077	.835 ± .078 -0.64 [-1.39, 0.92]	.829 ± .073	.832 ± .074 0.23 [-1.12, 0.89] *p = 0.26	.832 ± .079	.834 ± .079 0.35 [-1.20, 1.13] *p = 0.32
Spine (mean ± SD) (g/cm²) % change (median [Q1, Q3])	.901 ± .128	.891 ± .132 -1.27 [-2.67, 0.28]	.898 ± .070	.889 ± .069 -1.38 [-2.72, 0.99] *p = 0.98	.898 ± .076	.894 ±.072 -1.21 [-1.95, 1.88] *p = 0.38
Bone Turnover Markers
CTX (mean ± SD) (ng/ml) % change (median [Q1, Q3])	.603 ± .231	.629 ± .310 2.05 [-15.33, 23.19]	.554 ± .259	.569 ± .248 0.68 [-17.94, 24.19] *p = 0.99	.594 ± .30	.552 ± .266 -7.17 [-25.77, 12.56] *p = 0.21
OSC (mean ± SD) (ng/ml) % change (median [Q1, Q3])	15.52 ± 4.94	16.50 ± 4.82 4.30 [0.00, 11.80]	16.29 ± 6.01	16.38 ± 5.72 1.94 [-10.03, 12.87] *p = 0.35	17.11 ± 7.02	16.23 ± 5.96 -3.55 [-13.61, 7.23] *p = 0.03

* p-value for comparison with Usual Care based on the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
Baseline and 9 month values represent mean values ± standard deviations. Change scores are summarized with median values and 25^th (Q1) and 75^th (Q3) percentiles. P-values indicate comparisons between Usual Care ground and Tai Chi and Per Protocol groups, based on the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

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