Cranberry proanthocyanidins inhibit the adherence properties of Candida albicans and cytokine secretion by oral epithelial cells

Table 1 Effect of AC-PACs on the levels of phosphorylated protein kinases induced by C. albicans in oral epithelial cells

Phosphorylated protein kinase	Amounts of phosphorylated protein kinase (pg/ml)
	No stimulation	C. albicans stimulation (MOI = 15)
		No pre-treatment	AC-PAC pre-treatment
AKT (Ser 473)	614 ± 171	1184 ± 186*	782 ± 110*
AKT (Thr 308)	60 ± 17	111 ± 29*	113 ± 24
MEK1 (Ser 217/Ser 221)	2072 ± 383	6359 ± 255*	3596 ± 773^†
ERK1/2 (Thr 202/Tyr 204)	67 ± 2	97 ± 8*	41 ± 6^†

The data are the means ± SD of triplicate assays. *significantly higher compared to the unstimulated control (P < 0.05); ^†significantly lower compared to the untreated (AC-PACs) control (P < 0.05).

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