Table 1 Intrinsic antibacterial activity and resistant modifying ability of crude extract (250 μg/ml) in combination with novobiocin (1/8xMIC) against Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606
Botanical names | Family name | Part used | %Growth inhibitiona ± SDb | Interpretationc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PE | PE + NOV | |||||
1 | Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr. | Rutaceae | Fruit | 22.10 ± 0.68 | 27.10 ± 1.38 | No synergy |
2 | Ardisia colorata Roxb. | Primulaceae | Fruit | 30.17 ± 2.56 | 39.00 ± 6.09 | Synergy |
3 | Asclepias curassavica L. | Asclepiadaceae | Wood | 40.81 ± 0.28 | 43.59 ± 1.78 | No synergy |
4 | Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. | Apiaceae | Whole | 19.09 ± 1.06 | 23.93 ± 2.87 | No synergy |
5 | Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet | Lauraceae | Wood | 58.84 ± 1.37 | 59.92 ± 1.78 | No synergy |
Bark | 55.62 ± 4.98 | 62.44 ± 2.91 | No Synergy | |||
6 | Cinnamomum porrectum (Roxb.) Kosterm. | Lauraceae | Wood | 29.72 ± 6.54 | 26.06 ± 5.21 | No synergy |
Bark | 56.88 ± 2.14 | 63.31 ± 4.87 | No synergy | |||
7 | Curcuma longa L. | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | 86.91 ± 2.64 | 88.78 ± 2.08 | No synergy |
8 | Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | 77.73 ± 0.48 | 79.59 ± 2.62 | No synergy |
9 | Derris scandens Benth. | Leguminosea | Stem | 49.01 ± 2.37 | 47.31 ± 3.84 | No synergy |
10 | Dracaena loureiri Gagnep. | Agavaceae | Wood | 30.08 ± 0.99 | 29.49 ± 3.19 | No synergy |
11 | Dryopteris syrmatica (Willd.) Kuntze | Dryopteridaceae | Stem | 17.59 ± 0.41 | 26.66 ± 5.32 | Synergy |
12 | Eleutherine americana (Aubl.) Merr. ex K. | Iridaceae | Bulb | 17.87 ± 1.89 | 22.26 ± 3.12 | No synergy |
13 | Euphorbia thymifolia L. | Euphorbiaceae | Whole plant | 53.64 ± 0.90 | 73.99 ± 0.88 | Synergy |
14 | Garcinia mangostana L. | Clusiaceae | Pericarp | 93.25 ± 3.65 | 90.48 ± 3.37 | No synergy |
15 | Gymnopetalum cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kurz | Cucurbitaceae | Fruit | 26.17 ± 0.59 | 32.45 ± 4.39 | No synergy |
16 | Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Wall. ex A. DC. | Apocynaceae | Bark | 65.88 ± 0.11 | 94.04 ± 0.59* | Synergy |
17 | Impatiens balsamina L. | Balsaminaceae | Stem | 9.77 ± 0.30 | 12.40 ± 1.56 | No synergy |
18 | Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosb. | Sapotaceae | Fruit | 56.59 ± 1.02 | 63.06 ± 2.97 | No synergy |
19 | Millingtonia hortensis L.f. | Bignoniaceae | Flower | 28.97 ± 4.30 | 54.08 ± 0.83 | Synergy |
20 | Mitragyna speciosa Korth. | Rubiaceae | Leaf | 43.33 ± 2.40 | 66.15 ± 0.26 | Synergy |
21 | Momordica charantia L. | Cucurbitaceae | Vine | 22.26 ± 0.85 | 25.79 ± 3.10 | No synergy |
22 | Morinda citrifolia L. | Rubiaceae | Fruit | 16.96 ± 0.63 | 25.86 ± 1.22 | Synergy |
23 | Murdannia loriformis (Hassk.) R. Rao & Kammathy | Commilinaceae | Whole plant | 16.42 ± 1.51 | 22.04 ± 1.67 | No synergy |
24 | Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. | Bignoniaceae | Leaf | 67.18 ± 1.59 | 71.30 ± 5.28 | No synergy |
25 | Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K. Heyne | Fabaceae | Flower | 42.80 ± 0.43 | 47.83 ± 4.49 | No synergy |
Bark | 78.26 ± 0.60 | 88.75 ± 6.10 | Synergy | |||
26 | Piper betle L. | Piperaceae | Leaf | 42.72 ± 0.13 | 39.92 ± 3.43 | No synergy |
27 | Piper nigrum L. | Piperaceae | Fruit | 38.07 ± 1.96 | 42.24 ± 2.60 | No synergy |
Seed | 29.07 ± 0.75 | 31.47 ± 3.27 | No synergy | |||
28 | Piper retrofractum Vahl | Piperaceae | Fruit | 44.02 ± 1.08 | 49.80 ± 4.19 | No synergy |
29 | Piper sarmentosum Roxb | Piperaceae | Leaf | 20.70 ± 0.88 | 25.02 ± 0.62 | No synergy |
30 | Pluchea indica (L.) Less. | Asteraceae | Leaf | 26.64 ± 0.97 | 53.59 ± 3.60* | Synergy |
31 | Psidium guajava L. | Myrtaceae | Leaf | 71.24 ± 2.00 | 81.19 ± 1.50* | Synergy |
32 | Punica granatum L. | Puniceaceae | Pericarp | 72.58 ± 1.20 | 99.29 ± 0.63* | Synergy |
33 | Quercus infectoria G.Olivier | Fagaceae | Gall | 89.09 ± 0.15 | 88.77 ± 1.00 | No synergy |
34 | Quisqualis indica L. | Combretaceae | Flower | 79.22 ± 0.28 | 94.63 ± 2.62* | Synergy |
35 | Rhizophora mucronata Lam. | Rhizophoraceae | Fruit | 44.64 ± 0.59 | 53.35 ± 2.56 | Synergy |
Bark | 42.68 ± 8.20 | 53.03 ± 4.95 | Synergy | |||
36 | Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. | Myrtaceae | Stem | 77.01 ± 1.28 | 81.81 ± 4.01 | No synergy |
37 | Sandoricum indicum Cav. | Meliaceae | Root | 65.24 ± 1.32 | 66.94 ± 2.13 | No synergy |
38 | Tamarindus indica L. | Fabaceae | Leaf | 19.76 ± 1.55 | 25.03 ± 3.45 | No synergy |
39 | Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. | Combretaceae | Fruit | 74.79 ± 0.53 | 95.68 ± 1.14* | Synergy |
40 | Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. | Combretaceae | Fruit | 61.25 ± 0.42 | 94.33 ± 1.95* | Synergy |
41 | Terminalia sp. | Combretaceae | Fruit | 79.53 ± 0.24 | 95.92 ± 1.10* | Synergy |
42 | Theobroma cacao L. | Sterculiaceae | Pericarp | 17.35 ± 0.74 | 22.81 ± 0.68 | No synergy |
Seed | 19.25 ± 1.08 | 29.61 ± 4.13 | Synergy | |||
43 | Vitex trifolia L. | Verbenaceae | Leaf | 22.12 ± 0.68 | 28.65 ± 3.57 | No synergy |
44 | Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig. | Meliaceae | Pericarp | 52.39 ± 3.48 | 53.27 ± 1.91 | No synergy |
Seed | 44.27 ± 5.13 | 54.55 ± 3.66 | No synergy | |||