Figure 1

Real-time RT-PCR for selected genes from the microarray hybridization analysis. S. cerevisiae was grown for 9 hours in liquid YPD at 30°C and the cells (~ 2 x 10⁷ cells ml^-1) were transferred to fresh liquid YPD and exposed to propolis 0.125% for 5 or 10 minutes. The relative quantitation of RLF2 (A), PDR15 (B), TIM10 (C), SNQ2 (D), VMA7 (E), VMA21 (F) was performed using TAF10 as normalizer. Gene expression was determined by a standard curve (i.e., C_T –values plotted against logarithm of the DNA copy number). The results are the means ± standard deviation of four sets of experiments using completely independent biological replicates. The values above the bars are mean of the log2-ratio obtained in the microarray hybridization experiments.