Did not use CM to treat/manage their diabetes | Used CM to treat/manage their diabetes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N† | Percent‡ | S.E.§ | N† | Percent‡ | S.E.§ | ||
All adults with type-2 diabetes | 3873 | 96.57 | 0.37 | 141 | 3.43 | 0.37 | |
N† | Percent|| | S.E. § | N† | Percent|| | S.E. § | P-value¶ | |
Count of diabetes severity measures # | |||||||
0-2 measures | 2738 | 76.82 | 0.85 | 97 | 72.25 | 4.29 | 0.284 |
>=3 measures | 904 | 23.18 | 0.85 | 41 | 27.75 | 4.29 | |
Diabetes duration | |||||||
1-< 5 years | 1348 | 37.2 | 0.96 | 45 | 38.29 | 5.35 | 0.067 |
5-<10 years | 835 | 23.28 | 0.98 | 21 | 15.11 | 3.58 | |
>= 10 years | 1536 | 39.52 | 1.02 | 74 | 46.6 | 5.33 | |
Diabetes medication use | |||||||
None | 554 | 15.83 | 0.77 | 26 | 23.08 | 4.9 | 0.16 |
Any | 3273 | 84.17 | 0.77 | 114 | 76.92 | 4.9 | |
Functional limitation | |||||||
No | 3105 | 83.34 | 0.7 | 104 | 77.34 | 3.7 | 0.104 |
Yes | 684 | 16.66 | 0.7 | 37 | 22.66 | 3.7 | |
Weak/failing kidneys | |||||||
No | 3561 | 93.28 | 0.49 | 129 | 92.38 | 2.76 | 0.741 |
Yes | 268 | 6.72 | 0.49 | 11 | 7.62 | 2.76 | |
Coronary heart disease | |||||||
No | 3359 | 87.95 | 0.66 | 130 | 92.97 | 2.27 | 0.044 |
Yes | 447 | 12.05 | 0.66 | 11 | 7.03 | 2.27 | |
Severe vision problems | |||||||
No | 2921 | 78.91 | 0.8 | 105 | 77.21 | 4.29 | 0.706 |
Yes | 874 | 21.09 | 0.8 | 36 | 22.71 | 4.29 | |
Anxiety or depression | |||||||
No | 2800 | 73.62 | 0.89 | 100 | 72.59 | 4.82 | 0.823 |
Yes | 1027 | 26.38 | 0.89 | 41 | 27.41 | 4.82 | |
Gender | |||||||
Male | 1725 | 49.83 | 1.04 | 63 | 46.95 | 4.79 | 0.56 |
Female | 2112 | 50.17 | 1.04 | 78 | 53.05 | 4.79 | |
Age group | |||||||
Age 18-44 yrs | 451 | 12.54 | 0.71 | 22 | 16.65 | 4.02 | 0.04 |
Age 45-64 yrs | 1653 | 46.71 | 0.99 | 73 | 55.11 | 4.97 | |
Age 65+ yrs | 1733 | 40.75 | 0.91 | 46 | 28.24 | 4.34 | |
Education | |||||||
Less than high school | 1190 | 27.38 | 0.89 | 38 | 23.4 | 4.17 | 0.355 |
At least high school | 2594 | 72.62 | 0.89 | 101 | 76.6 | 4.17 | |
Income | |||||||
$0-$34,999 | 2334 | 50.57 | 1.11 | 81 | 44.41 | 5.37 | 0.337 |
$35,000-$74,999 | 1035 | 32.05 | 1.15 | 40 | 29.08 | 5.03 | |
$75,000 + | 468 | 17.38 | 0.99 | 20 | 26.51 | 5.8 | |
Race/ethnicity | |||||||
NH White | 2183 | 65.46 | 0.99 | 72 | 59.5 | 5.46 | 0.059 |
NH Black | 802 | 15.9 | 0.68 | 20 | 9.93 | 2.7 | |
Hispanic | 650 | 12.25 | 0.64 | 37 | 19.09 | 3.42 | |
Other races | 202 | 6.39 | 0.59 | 12 | 11.48 | 4.32 | |
Region of residence | |||||||
Northeast | 648 | 16.27 | 0.78 | 13 | 10.09 | 3.28 | 0.01 |
Midwest | 846 | 23.6 | 1.05 | 22 | 16.44 | 3.9 | |
South | 1565 | 40.75 | 1.11 | 52 | 33.89 | 4.95 | |
West | 778 | 19.38 | 0.9 | 54 | 39.58 | 5.47 | |
Health insurance | |||||||
Public insurance | 1390 | 30.43 | 0.91 | 39 | 22.57 | 4.02 | 0.135 |
Private insurance | 2096 | 60.09 | 1.02 | 76 | 63.55 | 4.91 | |
No insurance | 342 | 9.47 | 0.63 | 24 | 13.88 | 3.46 | |
Other health conditions ** | |||||||
0-2 | 2694 | 70.54 | 0.93 | 80 | 57.84 | 5.41 | 0.017 |
3 or more | 1143 | 29.46 | 0.93 | 61 | 42.16 | 5.41 | |
BMI level | |||||||
BMI 0 - < 25 | 673 | 16.3 | 0.68 | 14 | 7.65 | 2.25 | 0.002 |
BMI 25 - < 30 | 1210 | 32.08 | 0.86 | 41 | 28.71 | 4.94 | |
BMI >= 30 | 1954 | 51.62 | 0.98 | 86 | 63.64 | 5.08 | |
Hypertension | |||||||
No | 1544 | 54.41 | 1 | 70 | 48 | 5.19 | 0.297 |
Yes | 2279 | 57.59 | 1 | 71 | 52 | 5.19 | |
Smoking status | |||||||
Current | 605 | 16.4 | 0.77 | 13 | 11.61 | 3.99 | 0.441 |
Former smoker | 1329 | 35.52 | 0.99 | 53 | 34.51 | 4.69 | |
Never smoker | 1878 | 48.08 | 1 | 75 | 53.89 | 5.33 | |
Alcohol use | |||||||
Never/none | 1202 | 29.19 | 0.94 | 40 | 23.97 | 3.91 | 0.21 |
Any | 2604 | 70.81 | 0.94 | 99 | 76.03 | 3.91 | |
Vigorous leisure activity | |||||||
Unable to do or none | 2784 | 77.82 | 0.95 | 93 | 67.08 | 5.79 | 0.086 |
Any per week | 706 | 22.18 | 0.95 | 36 | 32.92 | 5.79 | |
Perceived health status | |||||||
Fair/poor | 1715 | 43.74 | 1.02 | 56 | 30.35 | 4.58 | 0.012 |
Exc/VG/Good†† | 2119 | 56.26 | 1.02 | 85 | 69.65 | 4.58 |