Figure 1

PS-F2 stimulates macrophage activation via Dectin-1 and CR3-mediated pathways. RAW264.7 cells were pre-incubated with or without mannan (A), anti-Dectin-1 antibody (2 μg/ml) (B), anti-CR3 antibody (C), or laminarin (D) for 1 h and stimulated with PS-F2 (10 μg/ml) or LPS (0.2 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of various reagents as indicated for additional 20 h. Cells left untreated, treated with isotype rat IgG2a antibody (B), or isotype rat IgG2b antibody (C) served as controls. TNF-α concentrations in the culture fluids were determined by ELISA (n = 3). Data shown are representative of 3 or more experiments. * P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus PS-F2 stimulation alone in (D).