Figure 4

Hawthorn leaves and flowers (HLF) interact with cholesterol (CH) to impact cardiac output (CO). A. HLF show significant interaction with CH in their influence on CO. CH decreases CO within 0% HLF and CH decreases CO when comparing all 0% CH-treated to all 8% CH-treated fish B. No interaction effect was observed on stroke volume (SV). CH decreases SV within 0% HLF and CH decreases SV when comparing all 0% CH-treated to all 8% CH-treated fish C. No interaction effect was observed on heart rate (HR). CH decreases HR when comparing all 0% CH-treated to all 8% CH-treated fish. * P < 0.05, bars are mean + S.D. 2-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post-hoc analysis. n = 12-19 per group.