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Table 6 Association of perceptions towards CAM with demographic characteristics of the pharmacy students

From: Understanding, perceptions and self-use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among Malaysian pharmacy students

Modalities

Means

Chi-square (p-value)

Ā Ā 

Gender

Age

Race

Year of Study

Type of University

Traditional Malay medicine

2.74

0.009

0.005

0.001

0.006

0.001

Traditional Chinese medicine

2.32

0.543

0.597

0.001

0.146

0.001

Traditional Indian medicine

2.84

0.890

0.776

0.001

0.004

0.016

Homeopathy

2.73

0.012

0.226

0.001

0.424

0.001

Complementary Medicine

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒFaith healing/prayer healing

2.47

0.281

0.161

0.001

0.031

0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒMeditation

2.45

0.090

0.632

0.001

0.018

0.019

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒVisualization

2.79

0.004

0.031

0.039

0.384

0.480

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒHypnosis

2.77

0.131

0.016

0.001

0.468

0.194

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒMusic and art therapy

2.41

0.038

0.222

0.001

0.072

0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒMind-body technique

2.60

0.010

0.045

0.020

0.258

0.613

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒMassage

2.19

0.993

0.232

0.164

0.678

0.022

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒTherapeutic Touch

2.66

0.077

0.136

0.001

0.281

0.115

  1. *1 = very effective, 2 = Effective, 3 = No idea, 4 = Harmful, 5 = Very Harmful