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Table 1 Anti-Candida activity in vitro of the hydroalcoholic (HE) and butanolic (BUTE) extracts of Sapindus saponaria in comparison to fluconazole (FLU) and itraconazole (ITRA)

From: In vivo activity of Sapindus saponaria against azole-susceptible and -resistant human vaginal Candida species

 

Drugs

C. albicans (46) b

C. glabrata (10) b

aMIC range

FLU

0.125-32 (43)c, (3)d, (0)e

2.0-64.0 (5)c, (4)d, (1)e

 

ITRA

0.03-1.0 (38)c, (5)d, (3)e

0.125-8 (3)c, (3)d, (4)e

 

HE

9.0-≤5.0 × 103

36.0-≤5.0 × 103

 

BUTE

9.0-≤5.0 × 103

75.0-≤5.0 × 103

MIC50

FLU

0.25

8.0

 

ITRA

0.03

0.25

 

HE

9.0

36.0

 

BUTE

36.0

75.0

MIC90

FLU

16.0

64.0

 

ITRA

0.5

8.0

 

HE

310.0

620.0

 

BUTE

310.0

5.0 × 103

fMFC range

HE

9.0-≤5.0 × 103

36.0-≤5.0 × 103

 

BUTE

9.0-≤5.0 × 103

75.0-≤5.0 × 103

MFC50

HE

310.0

2.5 × 103

 

BUTE

150.0

2.5 × 103

MFC90

HE

310.0

5.0 × 103

 

BUTE

310.0

5.0 × 103

  1. a Minimum inhibitory concentration - MIC (μg/mL); MIC50 and MIC90 for drugs and extracts: MIC capable of inhibiting 50% and 90% of the isolates, respectively; In parentheses: the number of isolates tested (b); the number of sensitive isolates (c); the number of susceptible-dose-dependent isolates (d); and the number of resistant isolates (e); Sensitive isolates: MIC ≤ 8.0 μg/mL for fluconazole (FLU) and ≤ 0.125 μg/mL for itraconazole (ITRA); susceptible-dose-dependent isolates: MIC between 16.0 and 32.0 μg/ml for FLU, and 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml for ITRA; resistant isolates: MIC ≥ 64.0 μg/ml for FLU and ≥ 1.0 μg/ml for ITRA. f Minimum fungicidal concentration - MFC; The MFC50 and MFC90 are the MFCs capable of inhibiting 50% and 90% of the isolates, respectively.