Table 1 Overall Study Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion criteria:

   ≥ 18 years of age

Meets the following definition of musculoskeletal pain as determined review of the individual's electronic medical record (EMR) chart:

   ≥ 3 outpatient (emergency department, ambulatory visit, email and telephone encounters are acceptable) encounters spanning at least 180 days but no more than 18 months:

nonspecific chronic pain (nCP)

or chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). CMP includes arthritis, temporomandibular joint disorder, tension headaches, carpal tunnel syndrome, fibromyalgia and myofascial pain, pain in limb, pain in joint, back/neck pain, vertebral fractures, vertebral somatic dysfunction, spondylolysis, vertebral dislocation, spinal strains and sprains, spinal deformities

   Three qualifying diagnoses can be achieved in any of the following ways:

Three CMP diagnoses

First diagnosis CMP and two subsequent diagnoses of nCP

First diagnosis CMP with one additional CMP diagnosis and one nCP

   Diagnoses associated with a physical therapy visit will NOT be considered in identifying prospective participants

   Only one CMP/nCP diagnosis can be counted in any given 7-day window to minimize the possibility that qualifying diagnoses reflect multiple visits/services for the same acute pain condition.

Study participant exclusion criteria include:

   Medical history of malignant cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer

   Medical history of cognitive impairment (dementia, developmental delay, or psychosis)

   Medical history of hospice or end-of-life palliative care