Rose hip and its constituent galactolipids confer cartilage protection by modulating cytokine, and chemokine expression

Table 4 Effect of RHP and GLGPG on gene expression in human PBL

Gene	C_T ^a	LPS/IFN-γ	LPS/IFN-γ + RHP (250 mg/L)		LPS/IFN-γ + GLGPG (9.7 mg/L)
		fold change	fold change	p value^b	fold change	p value^b
COX-2	22.8	8.6	8.6	0.880	6.8	0.16
TNF-α	24.9	16.1	8.9	0.004	12.4	0.04
IL-1α	27.2	17.9	11.3	0.002	16.1	0.37
IL-6	29.8	54.8	43.6	0.254	55.6	0.94
CCL5/RANTES	25.8	1.2	1.2	0.908	1.3	0.45
CXCL10/IP-10	35.5	1444	190	< 0.001	2340	0.04
MIP-2	28.6	16.8	18.7	0.577	15.6	0.66
MIP-3α	28.7	37.6	32.3	0.159	23.1	0.01
5-LOX	25.5	0.8	0.6	0.018	0.8	0.96
MMP-9	27.3	0.8	0.9	0.830	0.8	0.81

LPS/IFN-γ -stimulated cells were cultured with 31.3 - 1000 mg/L RHP or 1.2 - 38.7 mg/L of GLGPG for 2 h and gene expression was quantified by RT-PCR. Fold changes were calculated as indicated in Materials and Methods. Only the effects of 250 mg/L RHP and 9.7 mg/L GLGPG are shown.
^aC_T = cycle threshold (C_T < 25 = high basal gene expression; 25 < C_T < 30 = intermediate basal gene expression; C_T > 30 = low basal gene expression).
^b p value = significance value between (LPS/IFN-γ)- and (LPS/IFN-γ + substance) -treatment

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