Rose hip and its constituent galactolipids confer cartilage protection by modulating cytokine, and chemokine expression

Table 1 Effect of RHP and GLGPG on NO and PGE₂ production in RAW264.7 cells

Substance	IC₅₀ ± SEM (NO) [mg/L]	IC₅₀ ± SEM (PGE₂) [mg/L]
GLGPG^a	28.6 ± 4.6 (N = 6)	> 38.7^c (N = 6)
RHP^b	796.9 ± 36.9 (N = 15)	594 ± 43 (N = 14)

LPS-stimulated cells were cultured for 24 h with 31.3 - 1000 mg/L RHP, or 1.2 - 38.7 mg/L GLGPG. The concentration of NO and PGE₂ was determined in culture supernatants and the IC₅₀ values (± SEM, standard error of the mean) were computed. N, number of independent experimental series. At the conditions described in Materials and Methods, unstimulated and LPS-stimulated cells produced < 0.125 μM nitrite and 25.4 ± 1.2 μM, respectively.
^aGLGPG: galactolipid (2S)-1, 2-di-O-[(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-octadeca-9, 12, 15-trienoyl]-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl glycerol; MW 774
^bFrom Hyben Vital
^c Highest concentration of GLGPG tested. At 38.7 mg/L GLGPG, PGE₂ production was inhibited by 14 ± 9%.

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