Table 2 Effect of green tea polyphenols supplementation and Tai Chi exercise on blood chemistry in postmenopausal osteopenic women

Serum AST, U/L (reference range: 10-35 U/L)

0.431

0.678

0.599

0.437

Baseline

19.8 ± 4.3

21.2 ± 6.3

21.2 ± 5.9

19.3 ± 4.3

4 week

19.8 ± 4.6

20.9 ± 4.8

21.4 ± 6.1

19.8 ± 4.5

8 week

20.5 ± 5.7

22.1 ± 6.7

21.4 ± 5.8

20.8 ± 5.8

12 week

19.9 ± 5.1

20.9 ± 5.8

22.1 ± 7.3

20.4 ± 5.1

16 week

19.8 ± 4.4

22.6 ± 7.4

20.9 ± 6.9

20.3 ± 5.1

20 week

19.3 ± 3.7

21.8 ± 6.9

22.7 ± 12.3

19.3 ± 3.5

24 week

19.3 ± 4.2

20.2 ± 6.2

21.1 ± 7.2

20.3 ± 6.1

Serum ALT, U/L (reference range: 6-60 U/L)

0.454

0.955

0.893

0.235

Baseline

16.9 ± 5.5

20.4 ± 10.1

19.0 ± 7.0

18.0 ± 6.9

4 week

16.9 ± 4.8

19.2 ± 7.9

19.5 ± 6.6

18.5 ± 7.2

8 week

17.4 ± 7.7

21.2 ± 10.9

20.4 ± 7.8

19.2 ± 9.9

12 week

17.1 ± 6.4

19.9 ± 8.2

19.2 ± 9.0

19.9 ± 9.1

16 week

17.1 ± 5.8

21.8 ± 11.7

19.7 ± 6.9

19.0 ± 8.1

20 week

16.6 ± 5.2

21.6 ± 11.3

20.3 ± 9.4

18.1 ± 5.0

24 week

16.9 ± 6.3

19.1 ± 9.9

18.5 ± 5.7

19.5 ± 10.2

Serum Bil, mg/dL (reference: 0.2-1.2 mg/dL)

0.001

0.799

0.493

0.060

Baseline

0.58 ± 0.19

0.55 ± 0.19

0.65 ± 0.25

0.64 ± 0.26

4 week

0.58 ± 0.23

0.59 ± 0.23

0.67 ± 0.27

0.63 ± 0.22

8 week

0.57 ± 0.17

0.57 ± 0.21

0.68 ± 0.28

0.59 ± 0.25

12 week

0.58 ± 0.16

0.53 ± 0.22

0.59 ± 0.30

0.60 ± 0.31

16 week

0.58 ± 0.18

0.54 ± 0.18

0.62 ± 0.23

0.55 ± 0.22

20 week

0.56 ± 0.21

0.56 ± 0.23

0.64 ± 0.28

0.57 ± 0.21

24 week

0.56 ± 0.20

0.54 ± 0.20

0.60 ± 0.17

0.56 ± 0.23

Serum ALP, U/L (reference range: 33-130 U/L)

< 0.001

0.925

0.149

0.438

Baseline

75.3 ± 18.6

84.1 ± 19.9

81.6 ± 20.1

86.8 ± 25.2

4 week

77.1 ± 17.7

85.6 ± 20.5

81.5 ± 23.4

86.8 ± 23.1

8 week

75.2 ± 17.7

83.1 ± 22.9

85.2 ± 26.0

88.6 ± 25.4

12 week

75.1 ± 18.0

83.2 ± 19.3

82.9 ± 24.8

87.7 ± 24.2

16 week

71.6 ± 18.1

84.4 ± 22.2

80.8 ± 22.9

83.9 ± 21.1

20 week

74.7 ± 19.3

84.6 ± 20.7

83.4 ± 22.1

87.0 ± 22.6

24 week

72.3 ± 17.3

82.5 ± 20.3

80.9 ± 22.5

83.5 ± 20.7

Serum Crt, mg/dL (reference range: 0.5-1.3 mg/dL)

0.001

0.230

0.605

0.884

Baseline

0.80 ± 0.13

0.82 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.14

0.79 ± 0.09

4 week

0.82 ± 0.17

0.80 ± 0.10

0.79 ± 0.13

0.79 ± 0.10

8 week

0.80 ± 0.13

0.80 ± 0.12

0.80 ± 0.23

0.80 ± 0.11

12 week

0.82 ± 0.14

0.81 ± 0.11

0.80 ± 0.14

0.80 ± 0.10

16 week

0.81 ± 0.13

0.83 ± 0.10

0.79 ± 0.13

0.82 ± 0.10

20 week

0.82 ± 0.14

0.82 ± 0.11

0.81 ± 0.14

0.80 ± 0.11

24 week

0.79 ± 0.13

0.80 ± 0.11

0.77 ± 0.12

0.79 ± 0.09

Serum BUN, mg/dL (reference range: 7-25 mg/dL)

0.178

0.158

0.118

0.433

Baseline

15.1 ± 3.1

15.8 ± 3.8

15.6 ± 4.1

15.6 ± 3.7

4 week

16.7 ± 4.9

15.8 ± 3.4

16.4 ± 4.3

15.6 ± 4.1

8 week

15.8 ± 3.8

14.7 ± 3.4

15.6 ± 3.7

15.6 ± 3.7

12 week

16.4 ± 3.4

15.4 ± 3.9

15.8 ± 4.6

15.2 ± 3.5

16 week

15.3 ± 3.6

15.9 ± 4.0

16.7 ± 3.6

15.9 ± 3.4

20 week

15.9 ± 3.7

16.4 ± 3.7

15.2 ± 3.5

15.3 ± 3.4

24 week

15.7 ± 3.7

15.7 ± 3.7

15.9 ± 5.1

15.3 ± 3.5

Serum Ca, mg/dL (reference range: 8.6-10.2 mg/dL)

0.005

0.721

0.076

0.883

Baseline

9.4 ± 0.4

9.4 ± 0.3

9.4 ± 0.2

9.5 ± 0.3

4 week

9.5 ± 0.4

9.4 ± 0.4

9.4 ± 0.3

9.4 ± 0.4

8 week

9.5 ± 0.5

9.4 ± 0.3

9.4 ± 0.3

9.5 ± 0.4

12 week

9.5 ± 0.4

9.4 ± 0.5

9.4 ± 0.3

9.4 ± 0.5

16 week

9.4 ± 0.4

9.4 ± 0.3

9.5 ± 0.4

9.5 ± 0.4

20 week

9.5 ± 0.4

9.3 ± 0.4

9.4 ± 0.3

9.5 ± 0.3

24 week

9.4 ± 0.4

9.3 ± 0.3

9.3 ± 0.3

9.3 ± 0.4

Serum Pi, mg/dL (reference range: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL)

0.001

0.547

0.027

0.825

Baseline

3.7 ± 0.5

3.6 ± 0.6

3.7 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.4

4 week

3.8 ± 0.5

3.6 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.5

8 week

3.7 ± 0.5

3.6 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.4

12 week

4.0 ± 0.9

3.7 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.4

16 week

3.7 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.5

3.9 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.5

20 week

3.8 ± 0.4

3.7 ± 0.5

3.8 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.5

24 week

3.7 ± 0.4

3.6 ± 0.6

3.8 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.4